MODELO DE SUPORTE À DECISÃO PARA ADOÇÃO DE ADEQUADAS FONTES DE ENERGIAS ELÉTRICAS RENOVÁVEIS

Abstract

The replacement of non-renewable energy sources with renewable energies has been widely encouraged. This is due to reasons such as reducing the emission of pollutants, reducing heating and promoting the use of inexhaustible sources of energy. However, several studies show that the adoption of a certain renewable energy source in an inappropriate location can generate negative impacts from an economic, social and environmental point of view. Thus, in this study, a multicriteria analysis methodology was developed, based on sustainability, considering economic, environmental and social indicators, for choosing an adequate source of electric energy, in several countries around the world. To this end, three sources of renewable energy were selected to be analyzed: wind, solar and biomass from food waste, as they are considered less harmful than other renewable sources such as hydroelectric power. Renewable energy sources were ranked through multicriteria analysis. In addition, the results of the ACP and the Cluster indicated a tendency for more economically developed countries to adopt more non-renewable sources of energy and for emerging or developing countries to adopt more renewable sources. Thus, the multi-criteria methodology adopted GDP as a relevant factor to be considered in the ranking. The method is effective in analyzing different criteria, involving environmental, social and economic impacts, for different energies and provides decision-making support to government managers on renewable energy alternatives.