Utilização de VANTs no mapeamento de risco hidrológico em área urbana (Bodoquena)

Abstract

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), popularly known as drones, become more and more democratic over time, generating advantages and interest in their use. technology by companies, public management and educational institutions. Therefore, the recurrence of application of technology develops in the field of advertising, agricultural monitoring and livestock, control of natural emergencies, environmental management and planning water. Environmental management and planning are strongly linked to development urban, given that, when poorly managed, they compose aggravating factors in the midst of a chain of problems related to urban rainfall hydrodynamic interactions. the seasonality of heavy rains, environmental morphometry, soil impermeability and difficulties in the management of water resources accentuate adversities arising from the frequency of rains, resulting in flooding and flash floods. Analyzing the problem together with the use of UAV technology, this study proposed to carry out searches in the indexers of Scopus and Web of Science scientific works in order to find articles, collaborators, journals, methodologies and analyze the scientific development in the use of UAVs in the hydrological risk mapping in urban areas. Therefore, with the literature review, it was found an alternative to acquire Digital Surface Models (MDSs) and orthomosaic, for the hydrodynamic simulations of products generated by UAVs (drones) and free satellite data sources (SRTM/Sentinel-2), thus comparing them and integrating them into a hydrological risk control. Categorizing and examining references bibliographic, simulation tools were discovered and applied to the work: with the FLO-2D software, along with remote sensing techniques, have been tested and simulated critical rainfall events in urban areas, using the municipality of BodoquenaMS as the study area. Ten works presented methodological material and results promising in the use of UAV ́ for hydrological risk mapping, with emphasis on works by Mazzoleni, Muthusamy Annis, Luppichini, who feature software from image processing (Agisoft PhotoScan) and hydrodynamic water simulations rainwater and rivers, mentioned above (FLO-2D). After testing the FLO-2D, the results found showed that simulations with UAV data approached much more of reality than simulations using satellite data, due to the difference in resolution of both. It also indicated that more than 30% of the properties built are at medium risk of damage to health and property, levels based on the dynamics between the flow velocity and water depth. The results demonstrated how use the tool within a work process effectively following methods and applications in real scenarios. In addition, it was found that the use of UAVs is more efficient, so far (2020), than free ways to obtain data (SRTM/Sentinel-2) for hydrodynamic simulations and risk management and recognition.