Mapeamento litológico por Sensoriamento Remoto

Abstract

The knowledge about Geology is extremely important as it influences the formation of the entire Environment, making it relevant to various scientific areas. Among this knowledge, the data known as lithological are of great value for the development of research, helping to delineate the geological characteristics through the study of superficial soil layers. Through the scientometric survey carried out, it was possible to analyze the trends related to research on the subject, in addition to gathering interesting techniques to be applied in the study area of this work. In this sense, the bibliographic survey was carried out using the scientific research databases Web of Science and SCOPUS, delimiting a period of time of 40 years, in order to quantitatively and qualitatively outline how the development of studies related to the theme was done. The analyzes were carried out using free and free software. The results showed growth rates in the number of articles published above 100% and the most sought-after journal for the publication of these researches was the International Journal of Remote Sensing. The countries with the largest amount of publications are found in Europe and North America, but China and India stand out with a growing trend of scientific production. The popularization of free tools should keep this growing trend. Thus, the methodologies listed through the scientometric survey were applied in the lithological study of this research using free resources and license-free software. Through clay and sand indices, the mapping and description of the composition of the soils present in the study area were elaborated. These indexes were applied using Sentinel-2/MSI images and QGIS software, which is free and license-free. The results include maps of soil composition and a lithostratigraphic map of the study area, in addition to a description of its geological units based on all data collected and collected.