Efeitos do óleo da semente de Carica papaya Linn no consumo alimentar, adiposidade, perfil metabólico e inflamatório de camundongos em uso de dieta hiperlipídica

Abstract

Introduction: Brazil stands out for the great biodiversity in its territory, and for containing about 13% of the species cataloged in the world, providing biological material suitable for technological technology and therapeutic resources for the treatment of various diseases. In this sense, studies aimed at investigating fruit derivatives and their applied applicability are expanding, as well as encouraging the use of parts of fruit that are usually wasted and which have nutritional potential because they contain fibers, vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals. in its composition. manifest antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hypolipidemic and antimicrobial action. In this context, Carica papaya Linn, papaya formosa, suffers great losses in consumption, with about 50% of the fruits being husks and seeds, thus producing a significant amount of waste. Papaya seeds have benzyl isothiocyanate, glycosinolates, oleic, palmitic, linoleic and stearic fatty acids in their composition; as well as α and δ-tocopherol, β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, carotenoids and phenolic compounds, which can be used as adjuvants in the treatment of several pathologies. Objectives: to evaluate the effects of Carica papaya Linn seed oil on food consumption, adiposity, metabolic profile and inflammation of mice on a high-fat diet. Methodology: The project was approved by protocol nº 980/2018 (CEUA). The oil was extracted and an evaluation of its quality and composition in fatty acids was carried out. Then, the acute toxicity test was performed. For the experimental design, Swiss mice (male) were used, divided into a control group (CT-Nuvital® diet supplemented with saline/AIN-93 group; AIN-93M diet supplemented with saline/HPL group; hyperlipidic diet supplemented with solution saline/HPL OS group - high fat diet supplemented with soy oil/HPL AZ group - high fat diet supplemented with olive oil) and experimental group HPL OM - high fat diet supplemented with papaya seed oil, all received a dose of 1mL/kg of weight of the animal, for 8 weeks. The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Insulin Sensitivity Test were performed, followed by euthanasia, and material was collected to quantify adiposity, fasting glycemia, total cholesterol and fractions, insulin, resistin, leptin, MCP-1, TNF-α and IL-6. Histological analysis of the liver and pancreas was performed. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), using the Prisma 5.0 software (GraphPad Software, USA) (p≤0.05). Results: In the evaluation of oil quality, the separation parameters are satisfactory and in the composition in fatty acids, there was a predominance of monounsaturated. In the acute toxicity test, there were no statistical differences in the parameters adopted. In the experimental design, when assessing food consumption, there was no effect on food intake, but when assessing monthly and total caloric consumption, the difference between HPL OM with TC and HPL remained, with lower values for the HPL OM group (p<0.001), without minimizing body weight gain and adiposity; however, a reduction in total cholesterol was observed in the non-HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol fractions. Still, papaya oil has reported a hypoglycemic and protective effect on insulin resistance. In assessing leptin options, the HPL OM group showed high values and with statistical difference in CT, HPL, HPL OS and HPL AZ (p<0.001). For insulin and resistin, HPL OM values are lower and different from HPL AZ (p<0.001). And for IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α, the same lower values and with statistical difference when compared to the HPL OS group (p<0.001). There was no significant impact on the histological analysis of the liver and pancreas. Conclusion: Papaya seed oil contains monounsaturated fatty acids in its composition, and had hypocholesterolemic, hypotriglyceridemic and hypoglycemic effects in experimental conditions.