CARACTERIZAÇÃO SOCIODEMOGRÁFICA E CLÍNICA DE PESSOAS ESTOMIZADAS INTESTINAIS

Abstract

Intestinal ostomy is an opening performed through a hole using a surgical procedure in order to change intestinal transit. Various causes can lead to the confection of an intestinal ostomy. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of intestinal ostomized people. The methodology of this work is based on two researches; an integrative literature review study that identified the possible sociodemographic and clinical variables of intestinal ostomized people according to the scientific production available in journals indexed in national and international databases, and another clinical, descriptive-exploratory, analytical and cross-sectional study that will identify the sociodemographic and clinical factors of intestinal ostomized people in the specialized rehabilitation center in a municipality of Mato Grosso do Sul. The development of the study fulfills the national and international standards of ethics in research involving human beings. The data were collected using a form developed by the researcher and were analyzed in a Minitab 18 software (Minitab Inc.) with applications of normality tests of Anderson-Darling, chi-square, Mann-Whitney, in addition to the use of bar graphs and intervals considering the level of significance for the tests of 0.05 or 5%. The results of the first study show that of the 14 articles compiled, 78.57% have a descriptive design; the Lilacs database presented the largest number of articles (64.28%); the Revista Brasileira de Coloproctologia was the one with the most published articles (42.85%), with a predominance of publications in 2017 and 2018 with 21.42% each; as for the geographical region, (49.98%) were developed in the northeast region of the country. The predominant age ranged from 60 to 100 years (47.86%); married (26.64%); male (53.83%), with elementary education (33.95%) and salary income of ≤1 minimum wage (24.60%). The predominant ostomy was colostomy (83.95%), temporary (42.69%). Neoplasm was the main cause (51.14%). Dermatitis (3.88%) stands out as the main complication. As for the second study, the results identified the predominance of females (51.06%), aged between 60-69 years (40.43%), terminal colostomy (61.70%), with definitive stoma (31.91%), of urgency character (57.45%), with neoplasia being the most frequent cause (74.47%), without prior demarcation of the stoma (78.72%), with localization in QIE/colon descending (46.81%), bright red ( 89.36%), circular diameter (63.83%), ranging from 20 to 40 mm (70.21%), protrusion (97.87%) and wet stoma (91.49%). They did not present skin allergy / peristoma (97.87%), used a two-piece bag (53.19%), flexible base (57.45%), pasty effluent (59.57%), brown in color (85.11%). With the use of auxiliary equipment (87.23%), and training for self-care (95.74%). The patient himself performed the hygiene of the stoma (74.47%), the emptying of the equipment (78.72%) and the change of the equipment (61.70%), with exchange frequency between 3 and 5 days (74.47%). They did not present complications related to stoma (70.21%), they presented irritative dermatitis of the skin/peristoma (46.81%), they were solved by teaching self-care (57.45%). In general, they did not undergo chemotherapy or radiotherapy (57.45%), and they had preserved self-esteem (74.47%). The family is the most frequent support network (63.83%). Keywords: Ostomy. Intestinal Elimination. Health profile. Health Evaluation. Nursing care.