Avaliação dos efeitos mutagênicos, antimutagênicos e imunomodulatório in vivo da fração hidrometanólica de annona nutans e extrato metanólico de byrsonima verbascifolia

Abstract

The use of medicinal plants in the prevention and treatment of diseases is being used since the dawn of civilization among different cultures. Currently, these plants stood out for being a promising source of anticancer agents, with their extracts being used in chemoprevention. Given this perspective, this study evaluated the mutagenic, antimutagenic and immunomodulatory in vivo hydromethanol fraction of the leaves from the Annona nutans and methanol extract of Byrsonima verbascifolia. Therefore, micronucleus assays were performed on peripheral blood, spleen phagocytosis and differential counting of blood cells. For the fraction and the extract males Swiss adults were used (n = 10 / group), divided into the following groups: negative control, positive control, extract, single dose pretreatment, multiple doses pretreatment, simultaneous treatment, post-treatment and continued treatment. Blood collection for micronucleus tests, and blood cell differential counting was performed by puncture of the tail vein 24 (T1), 48 (T2) and 72 hours (T3) after treatment with cyclophosphamide or vehicle. After collecting the animals were sacrificed to collect the spleen for the splenic phagocytosis. The results of the micronucleus test showed that the fraction and extract antimutagenic activity: Annona nutans the percentages of damage reduction in groups pre-treated with a single dose pretreatment, multiple doses and continuous doses were 91.44%, 41,18% and 91.44%, respectively, T1 and 83.58%, 79.48% and 83.58% at T2 charge respectively; and Byrsonina verbascifolia, in groups pre-treated with a single dose pretreatment of multiple doses observed reductions damage 63% and 48% respectively in T1 and 92%, 95%, respectively, T2. Regarding the spleen phagocytosis assay, it was observed that fraction and extract, separately and/or in combination with cyclophosphamide increased the phagocytic activity except in the post-treatment and for extract simultaneous. The white cells differential blood count were within the reference/normal range. Thus, it is suggested that the fraction and extract have antimutagenic activity, possibly by acting and preferably desmutagenese, with micronuclei are removed from the bloodstream by an increase in phagocytic activity, thus demonstrating immunomodulation. Thus, these results suggest that the fraction and extract tested have chemoprotective activity.