Atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos hidroalcoólicos de frutos do Pantanal: Byrsonima cydoniifolia A. Juss. (Canjiqueira), Pouteria glomerata (Miq.) Radlk. (Laranjinha de pacu) e Vitex cymosa Bert. (Tarumã)

Abstract

The Pantanal ecosystem is comprised of a wide variety of species of fruit trees that can contribute to research that seek alternatives to antibiotics and chemical preservatives used in the food industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of the Pantanal fruits: Byrsonima orbignyana A. Juss. (Canjiqueira), Pouteria glomerata (Mic.) Radlk. (Laranjinha pacu) and Vitex cymosa Bert. (Tarumã). The disk diffusion and broth microdilution tests were used to determine the antimicrobial ability of the extracts. Antibiogram of the strains was performed, using azithromycin 15 μg as a positive control in all tests. In the disk diffusion test, the extracts of the three fruits showed sensitive inhibition zones against Listeria monocytogenes, while Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp were less sensitive in the concentrations tested. The antibiogram showed significant differences (p<0.05) between the inhibition zones of azithromycin and fruit extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 703.13 μg mL-1 with the seed extracts of canjiqueira and laranjinha pacu, being more active than the extracts of the peel with pulp against the selected bacteria. Extracts from the green seed and from the green peel with pulp of tarumã, inhibited Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes, while the extracts from the mature seed and from the mature peel with pulp inhibited Salmonella spp and Listeria monocytogenes. Some extracts of canjiqueira and laranjinha pacu were bactericidal against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp, while the other extracts that inhibited bacterial growth were bacteriostatic. The fruits tested showed antimicrobial capacity however, further studies are required to clarify their mechanisms of action and their possible incorporation in the food industry.