Excesso de peso e obesidade central em população adulta urbana - fatores associados e doenças relacionadas ao risco cardiovascular

Abstract

The XXI century experiences an epidemic of overweight and obesity, which affects virtually all age groups and almost all countries. The major determinant of this situation, in addition to genetic predisposition, is the modern lifestyle, where people have great caloric intake and little physical activity. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of overweight and central obesity in the general urban population 30-69 years in the city of Campo Grande - MS, and to identify associated factors. Verify the occurrence of diseases related to cardiovascular risk in obese patients. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study conducted between 10/2009 and 02 /2011. The sample comprised of 1429 adults (57.9 % female and 42.1 % male). The physical examination, blood glucose and interview about life style, personal and family history were performed at home. Body Mass Index (BMI) was used for the evaluation of anthropometric data, and individuals were considered obese with BMI ≥ 30 Kg/m2 and overweight with BMI between 25-29.9 Kg/m2. Waist circumference was mesured and central obesity was considered for women with waist circumference ≥ 88 cm and for men with waist circumference ≥ 102 cm. Results: Prevalence rates adjusted for sex and age were : 37.5 % ( 95% CI : 35-40 ) for overweight , 29.6% ( 95% CI : 27.0-31.8 ) for general obesity , and 50.6% ( 95% CI : 48.0-53.2 ) central obesity. There was a higher prevalence of overall obesity and central obesity in individuals who were obese in childhood, and for those who had a weight above what they had at age 25 years and with a family history of obesity. Statistical significance was observed between central obesity and female gender (p < 0.001) and increasing age (aged 50 to 69 years versus 30-49 years, p= 0.001). There was no association of general and central obesity with color, marital status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, education and family income. In the obese there was a direct relationship between BMI and central obesity with a higher prevalence of diabetes and hypertension. Conclusions: The prevalence of general and central obesity was higher than other population-based studies already carried out in the country. The results of this study indicate the urgency of planning and implementing stringent policies for the prevention and control of obesity.