Desenvolvimento econômico e industrial: influência no perfil epidemiológico de uma população

Abstract

Economic development is understood as a dynamic and sequential process; that causes many changes, involves structural changes and improve economic and social indicators. It is common to find an association between the process of development and industrialization. Industrial processes can directly impact the environment, and consequently the health of the population, being one of the consequences the change in morbidity and mortality profiles. This ecological study aimed to study the influence of economic and industrial development in Mato Grosso do Sul in the health profile of the population in the period between 2002 and 2009. The units of analysis were the 78 municipalities of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The information base was composed of secondary data related to industrial and economic performance as measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in that period, from the Federação das Indústrias de Mato Grosso do Sul (FIEMS). To assess health profile, hospitalizations data due to some health problems related to environmental causes were used, from the Sistema de Informação Hospitalar (SIH-SUS), Ministry of Health. Statistical correlation between GDP “per capita” and rate of hospitalization for injuries related to environmental causes were made. Pearson correlation coefficients > 0.6, positive or negative, were considered as strong correlation. In the analyzed period, the growth of industrial GDP of Mato Grosso do Sul was higher than in the South Central Region (Central West, South and Southeast) and Brazil. The industrial sector has expanded its activities in most cities in the state. Sectors that grew most were: mechanical, chemical, pharmaceutical and veterinary products, textiles and clothing electrical and communications, metallurgy, construction, food products, beverages and ethyl alcohol. Positive strong correlations between industrial GDP “per capita” and selected health problems were observed with more frequency for the groups neoplasms, external causes, neuropsychiatric disorders, cardiovascular diseases. The most frequent, with negative strong correlation, were the groups pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive (COPD) and other lung diseases and asthma, cardiovascular diseases, and musculoskeletal diseases. Therefore, economic and industrial development, considered by industrial GDP “per capita” of the municipalities, may be influencing hospitalization profile due to some illnesses or diseases related to the environment.