Prevalência de pneumonia associada à assistência à saúde em unidades de terapia intensiva

Abstract

Pneumonia acquired in the hospital is the most common infection in intensive care units (ICU) and presents a major impact on public health, because it is related to increased morbidity, mortality and hospital costs. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in all units of general adult intensive care units in the city of Campo Grande - Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Inpatients of the ICUs were characterized; risk factors and cases of death related to hospital-acquired pneumonia were analyzed. A one day prevalence study analyzed 87 medical records. Of these, 37 had a diagnosis of hospital-acquired pneumonia, resulting a prevalence of 42.5%. The average age of all ICU patients in the studied day was 63.09 ± 18.03 years. Patients diagnosed with hospital-acquired pneumonia showed length of stay in the hospital and in the ICU significantly higher than those who did not have HAP. Among the patients with HAP, 83.8% was using mechanical ventilation, compared with 36.0% without the infection. Patient with hospital-acquired pneumonia also presented higher use of invasive devices such as central venous catheter, central venous pressure catheter and nasogastric tube. Regarding the outcome, 48.6% of the patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia evolved to death, and only 18.0% died among the ones without HAP. The prevention of hospital-acquired pneumonia is extremely difficult because it is related to multiple factors. However it is essential to know the profile and clinical characteristics of patients, so that measures to prevent and control hospital-acquired pneumonia can be implanted and implemented.