MODULAÇÃO DA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL POR INTERVENÇÕES NUTRICIONAIS NOS PRIMEIROS DOIS ANOS DE VIDA: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA

Abstract

The first two years of life are crucial for the formation of the intestinal microbiota, along with immunological, metabolic, and endocrine development. During this period, factors such as type of delivery, breastfeeding, antibiotic use, and dietary introduction modulate microbial colonization. This study aimed to analyze the main factors that influence the formation and modulation of infant intestinal microbiota, with a focus on nutritional interventions capable of promoting healthy intestinal development. Breast milk remains the main modulator, favoring the predominance of bifidobacteria and protection against pathogens. Advances in infant formulas, with the inclusion of prebiotics, probiotics, and oligosaccharides, have shown potential to bring the microbiota of non-breastfed infants closer to that of breastfed children, promoting greater bacterial diversity, strengthening the intestinal barrier, and reducing inflammation. These strategies, combined with adequate dietary introduction, represent promising resources for supporting intestinal health in the first years of life. However, gaps remain regarding the long-term efficacy and safety of these interventions, especially in different population contexts. The conclusion is that modulating the gut microbiota through nutritional strategies is a promising way to promote healthy growth and reduce the risk of future diseases, but requires new clinical evidence to support consistent recommendations.