Existe relação entre endometriose e periodontite? uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Endometriosis is a chronic disease characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, mainly affecting women of reproductive age and potentially leading to complications such as infertility. Periodontal disease, in turn, is an oral inflammation that can progress from gingivitis to periodontitis, compromising the supporting tissues of the teeth. Recent studies suggest a possible association between these conditions, which share mechanisms such as activation of inflammatory pathways, increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and immune dysfunction. The objective of this review was to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications of the association between endometriosis and periodontal disease. The searches were conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, and Science Direct databases, using different combinations of descriptors related to the terms: “periodontal disease,” “periodontal status,” “periodontal conditions,” “periodontal pathogens,” “periodontal health,” “periodontitis,” “chronic periodontitis,” and “endometriosis,” with no restrictions regarding year or country of publication, and using “and” as the integrative search operator. In total, 65 articles were identified, and after applying the eligibility criteria, six were included in the review. Although the studies present methodological limitations and variations in methods, the findings indicate a higher prevalence and severity of periodontitis in women with endometriosis, as well as alterations in inflammatory cytokines and the presence of periodontal bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, which may contribute to an environment favorable to disease progression. The results highlight the importance of periodontal monitoring in patients with endometriosis and emphasize the need for further clinical and longitudinal studies to clarify the causal relationship between these conditions.