O PROCESSO DE ADOÇÃO NO BRASIL

Abstract

The objective of this bibliographic study was to investigate the adoption process in Brazil. The specific objective was to understand how scientific publications highlight adoptions by same-sex couples. To this end, searches were conducted in databases such as SciELO, Capes, and BVS, using different descriptors from the DeCS/MeSH portal on the BVS website. Inclusion criteria involved the targeted theme, publication in Portuguese, within a defined period from 2018 to 2023. Exclusion criteria included all documents that did not address the theme, were not scientific articles, were in other languages, were duplicate articles, and were works outside the defined time frame. Selections were made based on title and abstract and then analyzed in full. The criteria analyzed included the years of publication; publications on adoption in Brazil; The research revealed findings regarding same-sex couples seeking to adopt children or adolescents, and the actions of professionals in this area. The bibliographic study identified approximately 327 published articles, but many did not meet the criteria, resulting in 42 scientific articles that were truly suitable for analysis. The results showed an increase in publications in 2018 and 2019, but a decrease in 2020 and 2022. When analyzing publications on adoption in Brazil, different perspectives on adoption were observed, especially in the context of same-sex adoptions (permeated by prejudices, mainly regarding the child's future and development), in addition to specific aspects of parenthood, themes that revolved around the evaluation of prospective adoptive parents by psychology professionals (by Through interviews, the use of psychological tests, support and follow-up, or Social Services (home visits), among other professional actions, the relevance of adoption support groups for the exchange of experiences and awareness of the complex process experienced by the parties was also observed. It was observed that there are welfare-oriented perspectives on adoption, the importance of cohabitation for establishing bonds between the prospective adoptive parent and the child/adolescent to be adopted, as well as expectations between what is idealized and the reality of the child (or adolescent) and the family in this context. Adoption proved to be a topic intertwined with expectations, fears, and prejudices. Further in-depth study of the topic is necessary, especially regarding how the professional practice of Psychology is circumscribed, and the ethical and technical implications that adoption entails.