Perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com trauma facial: um estudo retrospectivo de 14 anos.

Abstract

Craniofacial fractures represent a significant public health concern in Brazil, varying according to geographic region, socioeconomic conditions, the types of associated soft tissue injuries, and the time elapsed between trauma and the initiation of treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological profile of patients with facial trauma treated by the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology Service (CTBMF) of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). This is a cross-sectional and analytical study based on the analysis of secondary data extracted from electronic medical records of patients treated between January 2010 and January 2025. The stratified data were analyzed regarding sex, age group, etiology, diagnosis, soft tissue injuries, and treatment modality. Among the 774 eligible records, a predominance of males was observed, with a ratio of approximately 6:1 compared to females. The mean age was 27.45 years (SD = 14.94), with the highest prevalence in the 20–29-year age group. Falls were the most frequent etiology, with a statistically significant association between sex and trauma cause (p = 0.03586). The mandible was the most commonly affected bone. It is concluded that maxillofacial fractures were significantly associated with sociodemographic, etiological, and therapeutic factors. The findings may support the development of public policies aimed at reducing the incidence of facial trauma.