Relação entre saneamento básico e uso do rio para abastecimento público no município de Anastácio-MS, uma análise ambiental necessária.

Abstract

This study addresses the complex relationship between basic sanitation, urban environmental management, and the quality of water resources, focusing on the municipality of Anastácio, located in the Southwest of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The municipality is supplied by the Taquaruçu River, a tributary of the Aquidauana River, both part of the Miranda River Hydrographic Basin. Anastácio faces significant challenges regarding sewage system coverage and a history of inadequate solid waste disposal. Although the state shows progress in basic sanitation indicators, the region still exhibits rates far below the national average, which is reflected in urban environmental conditions, the degradation process of the hydrographic basin, and the increased vulnerability of the population to waterborne diseases. The adopted methodology was based on document analysis, field observations, and surveys of secondary data, with the support of QGIS software (version 3.22.16), in addition to information from databases such as IBGE, ANA, and SEILOG. The results reveal a degradation process in the Taquaruçu River Basin, such as the loss of native vegetation and siltation of watercourses. In the urban environment, the relationship between the precariousness of basic sanitation and, contradictorily, the use of river water for the public supply of Anastácio is highlighted. Although the water quality samples were satisfactory, the study demonstrated the relevance of conserving the river that supplies the city and a limited investment in sanitary infrastructure, especially in the sewage collection and treatment network and the inadequate disposal of solid waste in urban spaces, which over time can alter this quality. The research confirms the urgency of coordinated actions between different spheres of public authority and civil society to overcome technical, political, and social obstacles and to promote access to basic sanitation and environmental quality and urban life.