Análise de viabilidade econômico-financeira da atividade leiteira

Abstract

The research aimed to analyze the economic and financial viability of two farms dedicated to milk production, located in the municipality of Ivinhema, Mato Grosso do Sul, during the years 2023 and 2024. The study is classified as descriptive and was conducted based on two case studies. The methodology involved data collection, preparation of income statements, and cost analysis, complemented by investment evaluation using indicators such as Vertical Analysis, Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Present Value (NPV), and the simple and discounted payback methods. The results demonstrated that "Rural Property A" registered 27 dairy cows in 2023, achieving an annual net profit of R$ 24,357.51, equivalent to a monthly average of R $2,029.79, and a net margin of 21.13%. The following year, even with the reduction to 20 sows, there was an improvement in financial performance, reaching a net profit of R$ 59,437.81 and a monthly average of R$ 4,953.15, driven by the increase in the price per liter of milk sold and unchanged costs compared to 2023. The profit per liter of milk sold increased from R$0.50 in 2023 to R$ 0.98 in 2024. The discounted payback period, which in 2023 was 15 years and 11 months, fell to 5 years and 2 months in 2024, indicating a significant improvement in investment recovery. At "Rural Property B," the 2023 scenario showed 57 dairy sows, a net profit of R$ 166,858.16, a net margin of 69.06%, and an average monthly production of R$13,904.85. In 2024, however, there was a sharp decline in production, with a reduction to 28 sows due to herd losses, resulting in an annual loss of R$ 11,037.01 and a negative monthly average of R$919.75. Profit per liter reduced from a positive R$ 1.53 to a negative R$0.24. The investment payback period, based on the discounted payback period, which in 2023 was 4 years and 9 months, exceeded 20 years in 2024, indicating the unfeasibility of the investment in the second year due to the reduction in the number of animals and production, as well as the increase in livestock feed costs. The analysis identified the direct influence of the number of animals on production and the price per liter of milk on the financial results of the rural properties studied. Finally, the importance of rural accounting as a strategic informational tool for management, cost control, and assessment of the economic viability of activities in rural areas is highlighted. Keywords: Economic and financial analysis. Dairy farming. Rural accounting.