Perfil epidemiológico de portadores de disfunção temporomandibular atendidos em uma instituição pública de ensino

Abstract

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a term that covers clinical temporomandibular joints and masticatory muscles problems, characterized mainly by pain, clicks, irregular and limited function of the mandible. The aim of this study was to draw an epidemiological profile of the patients treated in the Serviço de Dor Orofacial e Disfunção Temporomandibular at the Dentistry School of the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). It was an observational study, retrospective, with data from all the patients treated from January 2008 to July 2017, diagnosed with TMD (n=401). The analysed variables were age, gender, marital status, main complaint, duration, affected region, intensity, presence of parafunctional habits and/or sleep/awake bruxism, stress, anxiety, sleep quality, comorbidities and diagnostic hypothesis. The chi-square or Fisher’s Exact test was used to evaluate the associations between the variables. The results showed that 84,3% of the patients were female; 88,3% complained of moderate intensity pain (VNS=6,5) and 42,4% reported parafunctional habits. Sleep bruxism was present in 43,1% of the patients; high prevalence of anxiety (76,2%) and stress (71,8%). The most prevalent diagnosis was myofascial pain without mouth opening limitation (65,3%) and the most affected region was the TMJ (43,6%). There was a significant difference between female gender and stress (p=0,004) and pain (p=0,003); and between stress and click (p=0,046). When stress was associated with anxiety, there was association with pain (p=0,021) and click (p=0,027). It was concluded that the demand for TMD treatment was of women, young, single, suffering from chronic TMJ pain, diagnosed with muscle TMJ, anxiety and stress, with bruxism, headache and good sleep quality. The female gender was significantly associated with pain and stress; stress had association with click; stress and anxiety had association with pain and click. Other variables had no association with the symptoms in individual or associated form.