DA TUTELA DAS VÍTIMAS INFANTOJUVENIS DE ILÍCITOS PENAIS SOB O ENFOQUE DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS

Abstract

The General Theory of Human Rights recognizes children and adolescents as vulnerable subjects, ensuring them absolute priority in the protection and promotion of their rights. At the international level, conventions on the protection of Children's Rights, such as the United Nations Convention (1989), have influenced national legislations, including Brazil’s Statute of the Child and Adolescent (1990), which institutionalizes child and adolescent protection with an emphasis on dignity, security, and full development. This research aims to investigate the effects of institutional abandonment and neglectful familial, the public policies implemented, and the need for integration between the health, education, and social assistance sectors. The methodology adopted was deductive, qualitative, and descriptive, based on bibliographic, documentary, legislative, and case law analysis. The findings reveal that despite normative advances, practical challenges remain in the effective enforcement of these rights, especially when the victims are subjected to crimes within the family — a setting that should instead provide them with protection. In such cases, although criminal accountability of perpetrators is essential, it does not ensure the psychological and social support that victims need, leaving them unassisted after legal proceedings. The “special testimony” procedure, established by Law No. 13,431/2017, represents progress in protected hearing practices but must be integrated into a coordinated and multidisciplinary support network.