O PROBLEMA MENTE E CORPO NA FILOSOFIA DE RENÉ DESCARTES

Abstract

This work aims to investigate René Descartes' philosophical theory that substantiates the separation between mind and body as two distinct substances. The research examines how Descartes argues that the mind, being a non-material substance, is capable of thought and reflection, while the body, as a material substance, is subject to physical laws. The study explores the theoretical bases of Cartesian dualism, focusing on the Metaphysical Meditations and the Principles of Philosophy as fundamental texts for understanding this duality. In addition to exposing Cartesian theory, the work evaluates contemporary criticisms of dualism, such as those of Gilbert Ryle and Daniel Dennett, who question the viability of this substantial distinction. The conclusion highlights that, despite criticism, Cartesian dualism remains an essential reference for discussions about the nature of mind and consciousness, maintaining its relevance in contemporary philosophical and scientific investigations, especially in debates about moral autonomy and responsibility.