CRANIOMETRIA APLICADA À ANÁLISE DE ANCESTRALIDADE: RESSIGNIFICANDO A ANTROPOLOGIA FORENSE E SUAS APLICAÇÕES NA IDENTIFICAÇÃO HUMANA EM MATO GROSSO DO SUL - BRASIL

Abstract

Craniometry is a science derived from anthropometry focusing on the skull which, in the context of Biological and Forensic Anthropology, has played an essential role in identifying human remains in legal investigations over more than two centuries. Among the answers provided by this area is the prediction of population affinity or ancestry, which contributes to the elaboration of the biological profile of mortal remains. In Brazil, this analysis raises a wide debate due to the high degree of miscegenation, which requires professionals to develop methodological depth specific to the country. This work aims to explore whether or not there is the application of craniometry in the capital Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, and to examine the consequences of the absence of this analysis in the investigation of missing persons, in addition to the practical application of craniometric points, based on a systematic literature review, based on the transformations that have occurred in the field of biological anthropology over time, in different Western contexts. The research methodology consisted of quantitative and qualitative analysis of bone materials in the custody of UFMS certified laboratories, combined with bibliographical research on the topic, in comparison with demographic data from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, located in the Brazilian Midwest, the in order to evaluate the viability of craniometric analysis as an identifying element in cases of relevance to Forensic Anthropology.