Cirurgia robótica em procedimentos cardíacos: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract

Introduction: The development of robotic surgery and its clinical impacts has been promising worldwide. From its beginnings during the war period and in the context of the space race to its rise in the 2000s, it has stood out in Europe and in countries such as China and the USA for the development of robotic systems such as Da Vinci® (USA) and Zeus® (Belgium), and for the increased specificities and technicality of the advancement of each system associated with the growing range of possibilities in surgical procedures such as cardiac robotic surgery. Objective: To map and synthesize evidence on the use of cardiac robotic surgery to provide a comprehensive view of the current state of knowledge. Method: Scoping review following the JBI, using the PCC (Population, Concept, and Context) strategy to construct the research question and search in the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) databases via the Virtual Health Library (VHL), carried out in July 2024.Results and Discussion: First, 941 publications were identified. After applying the inclusion criteria and reading the titles and abstracts, 276 potentially eligible studies were selected, and subsequently 50 to be analyzed in full. Of these, 17 constituted the study sample, published between 2019 and 2023. PRISMA - ScR was used to describe the searches and select the studies. They were then divided into investment and benefit categories, highlighting the benefits of robotic cardiac surgery, such as reduced surgical trauma, faster recovery, and precision, but also the challenges, such as high cost and the need for specialized infrastructure and training. Conclusions: Robotic surgery is promising, with the potential to improve patient outcomes, but requires investment in research, infrastructure, and training to overcome the challenges and increase accessibility.