CONDUTAS DE ENFERMAGEM NO TRATAMENTO DE PESSOAS COM TRANSTORNOS ALIMENTARES: UMA REVISÃO DE ESCOPO

Abstract

Eating disorders are mental health conditions that manifest through changes in eating behavior, characterized as inappropriate and persistent. Among the main eating disorders, we can mention Anorexia, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder, which predominantly affect adolescent and young adult females and can lead to adverse impacts on an individual's physical and psychosocial health. Nurses need knowledge to properly care for and support these individuals in distress, as well as their families. The aim of the research was to identify nursing practices in the care of individuals with eating disorders. A scoping review was the methodology used, allowing the collection and synthesis of available studies on this specific topic. Data was gathered through searches in the Virtual Health Library (BVS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (Lilacs), and PubMed databases. The search was limited to publications from 2019 to 2024, in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. The selected descriptors were: ("anorexia nervosa") AND ("nursing"), ("bulimia nervosa") AND ("nursing"), ("Binge-Eating Disorder") AND ("nursing"). A total of 8 studies were selected for analysis. The results were grouped into three main themes: 1) Uncovering the concept and complexities of Eating Disorders; 2) The importance of assessment and physical examination conducted by nurses in individuals with Eating Disorders; 3) The role of nursing interventions in the care of individuals with Eating Disorders. It was possible to demonstrate that the primary nursing interventions involve assessment and physical examination, which are essential to identify complications and guide interventions; early identification of signs and symptoms for a better response to treatment; and the bond between the healthcare professional and the family, which is crucial for effective and safe treatment.