Análise do histórico de lesões esportivas e fatores associados segundo o nível de graduação no Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu

Abstract

Introduction: In addition to being a combat sport, Brazilian Jiu-jitsu (BJJ) is also a sport applied to self-defense, which aims to subdue your opponent, using strength through a system of levers. In terms of practice, BJJ involves important physical conditioning, concentration and emotional control. The different and complex demands of BJJ may be factors associated with the occurrence of sports injuries. Other factors associated with the development of injuries include age group, body composition, flexibility, training overload, history of previous injuries and degree level. These attributes must be considered to better understand the injury mechanisms in this modality. Objective: To analyze the history of sports musculoskeletal injuries and associated factors according to the level of graduation in BJJ practitioners. Methodology: The present study is descriptive and analytical research, under a retrospective cross-sectional design. The sample sample was constituted through convenience and included 109 participants from seven BJJ training academies, located in the city of Campo Grande, MS. Demographic, anthropometric data and data relating to sports musculoskeletal injuries were collected through questionnaires. Flexibility was analyzed using the sit and reach test on the Wells bench. To analyze the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries and potential relationships with the level of graduation, BJJ practitioners were allocated into three independent groups, defined according to category (color) belt: G1, with participants with a white belt; G2, with blue and purple belt participants; and G3, with brown and black belt participants.Results: Regarding the sample, the participants were of both genders, 87 males and 22 females, and were aged 32.6±7.9 years, 1.74±0.82 m in height and 82.1±14.5 kg of body mass. Regarding sporting characteristics, the participants had 77.0 (6.0 – 300.0) months of BJJ practice and training hours of 5.8 (1.0 – 45.0) h/week. Regarding the age group, participants in G3 showed higher age values than the other groups. Regarding BMI, participants in groups G2 and G3 had higher values than the other groups. Results of height, body mass and density, fat rate and bicondylar distances were not different between the groups. Regarding training history (HT), participants in G3 had higher values than the other groups, and G2 showed higher results than G1. The rate of injuries per practitioner, as well as the rate of injuries per injured practitioner were higher in G3, although G2 had a greater number of injury cases.In the upper limbs, G2 participants showed a higher prevalence of injuries compared to G1, with higher rates and statistical differences, successively, in shoulders, elbows and the forearm, wrist and hand. In the lower limbs, injuries to the knee and ankle/foot complex were more prevalent in G2 and G3, when compared to G1. No statistically significant differences were found in comparisons between G2 and G3..Conclusion:Joint injuries in the shoulder, due to sprains and joint locks/strangulation, were the most common at all levels of BJJ graduation. Individuals with a higher level of graduation presented higher rates of retrospective muscle injuries. Weekly exposure time to training constituted one of the main factors predicting injuries in beginner practitioners is that age, exposure time in months and degree level were associated with a greater retrospective occurrence of injuries in intermediate and advanced practitioners.