Características nutricionais da dieta de vacas leiteiras em lactação em rebanhos de Mato Grosso do Sul

Abstract

There are several aspects that affect the success of dairy farming, and nutritional management is important to ensure the productive efficiency of herds. In the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, dairy farming is greatly influenced by production systems intended for meat production, being an obstacle to profitable milk production. Most of the state's dairy herds are kept on pasture and the challenges are many, mainly due to the difficulty in balancing diets. Tropical pastures have aspects of seasonality in their development and it is common to include ingredients such as soy and corn in the diet of lactating cows, both to adapt nutrients and to try to make up for the low quantity and quality of forage produced on farms. The composition of the milk and the quantity produced by the cow are directly influenced by the food they receive during the lactation period. Milk urea nitrogen (NUL) can indicate whether energy is balanced with the dietary protein provided. The objective of this study was to collect information on the nutrition of dairy cattle herds in Mato Grosso do Sul through a structured questionnaire applied to producers, bromatological analyzes of the diets provided and determination of the herds' NUL. The results of bromatological and milk analyzes of the diets in the different herds studied indicate that there was a dietary imbalance due to the difference in crude protein between pastures during winter and summer, making nutritional adjustments necessary, in addition, producers who carried out some training in last year they numerically produced more milk than producers who were not trained.