AVALIAÇÃO DOS SERVIÇOS ECOSSISTÊMICOS DE ESTOQUE E SEQUESTRO DE CARBONO NO PANTANAL DE AQUIDAUANA-MS

Abstract

The Brazilian Pantanal stands out as one of the largest global floodplains, whose dynamics are profoundly influenced by seasonal fluctuations between periods of floods and droughts. This unique ecosystem is widely recognized internationally for its distinct characteristics and can offer a series of notable ecosystem services. This study has the general objective of evaluating ecosystem services related to carbon stock and sequestration in the Pantanal of Aquidauana, MS, with sustainable management of these resources being fundamental to achieving goals related to SDGs, such as SDG 13 (Action against global climate change), SDG 15 (Life on land) and SDG 14 (Life in water). In addition, simulations of future scenarios will be carried out for the years 2030 and 2050, with the purpose of associating an estimate of potential economic value with the benefits generated by the ecosystem services generated by carbon sinks. The methodological procedures were based on the use of secondary data from the MapBiomas project, collection 6. The Hierarchical Analytical Process (AHP) method was combined with the CA Markov model (Markov Chain and Cellular Automata) to simulate the usage scenario of the land and future vegetation cover. The assessment of carbon stock and sequestration was calculated using the InVEST model. This calculation was carried out by considering the values of carbon reservoirs (above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass, soil carbon and dead organic matter), which were combined with the types of land use and vegetation cover of the area. of study. The total values of carbon stock and sequestration in the Aquidauana Pantanal area point to a trend of increasing emissions in the future. In 2000 and 2050, the highest and lowest carbon stocks were observed, respectively, with 33.066.780,63 MgCO2/ha and 26.194.293,27 MgCO2/ha. Furthermore, a sequestration was identified with a loss of -2.580.994,179 MgCO2/ha until 2017, with a tendency to reduce emissions over the years. In relation to the valuation generated by this environmental service, a loss of US$ 26.015 million was observed between the years 2000 and 2010, followed by US$ 46.989 million between 2010 and 2017. The monetary losses projected for the years 2017 to 2030 and 2030 to 2050 were, respectively, US$61.931 million and US$33.176 million. These numbers highlight the importance of effective management and conservation strategies to mitigate environmental impacts and promote a sustainable balance in the region.