DESIDRATAÇÃO DA BYRSONIMA CYDONIIFOLIA A. JUSS. (CANJIQUEIRA): INFLUÊNCIA DAS VARIÁVEIS DE PROCESSO NA RETENÇÃO DE PICEATANNOL

Abstract

Strengthening the use, exploitation and appreciation of species native to South America can lead to the development of new food products with nutritional potential, in addition to contributing to the prevention of diseases, meeting varied consumption demands. In particular, native plant species and/or introduced species, which have become very popular because they have edible fruits appreciated for their characteristic flavor and aroma. However, perishability and seasonality make larger-scale production difficult, making it necessary to explore conservation alternatives to make the fruit pulp available throughout the year. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the retention of piceatannol, as well as the cytotoxicity of the pulp of Byrsonima cydoniifolia A. Juss., both fresh and dehydrated, under different temperature and storage conditions. The fruits of B. cydoniifolia were collected in the Pantanal region, municipality of Corumbá, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The dehydration process was conducted in a conventional oven, using different temperatures. Furthermore, some samples were subjected to a period of storage after dehydration. From the ripe Canjiqueira fruits, five different ethanolic extracts were prepared, comparing the properties between the fresh fruit and the dehydrated fruit. For the cytotoxicity test on Allium cepa, the bulbs with roots (A. cepa) measuring 1 to 2 cm in length were washed and placed for the bioassay in aqueous extracts from the Canjiqueira fruit (B. cydoniifolia) for a period of time. 48 hours. Cytotoxicity tests were also carried out on Artemia salina (A. salina), over 96 hours of exposure. The fresh fruit extract presented an LC50 of 863.23 mg L-1, classified as "Low toxicity". In contrast, samples dehydrated at 80º C and 40º C exhibited lower LC50 values (235.28 mg L-1 and 153.31 mg L-1, respectively), both being classified as "Toxic". It is important to note that samples dehydrated at 40º C and stored at room temperature for 30 days, presented an LC50 of 214.49 mg L-1, indicating toxicity. These results suggest that dehydration, combined with storage at room temperature for 30 days, can intensify the toxicity of Canjiqueira. Even after the dehydration process, Canjiqueira maintained levels of piceatannol and other bioactives. For example, the sample dehydrated at 40°C presented an antioxidant potential of 77.13%, with piceatannol, tannins and flavonoids levels of 1.23 mg/g, 42.23 mg/g and 30.36 mg/g, respectively. The sample dehydrated at 80°C also exhibited an antioxidant potential of 75.50% and piceatannol, tannin and flavonoid contents of 1.06 mg/g, 40.60 mg/g and 29.06 mg/g, respectively. And even after post-dehydration storage for 30 days, the sample dehydrated at 80°C maintained its antioxidant potential at 71.33% and piceatannol, tannin and flavonoid contents of 0.73 mg/g, 36.53 mg/g and 25.53 mg/g, respectively. This study not only highlighted the effectiveness of dehydration as a conservation method, but also contributes to the promotion of dietary diversity and sustainability of natural resources, valuing native species and their health benefits.