Evolução da produtividade da suinocultura brasileira de 2011 a 2020

Abstract

Brazilian pig farming has become increasingly technical over the years and has sought to improve productivity rates through better lineages, facilities, nutrition and health of the herd, with the intention of increasing piglet production. Among the main productive indices evaluated is the number of piglets weaned per sow per year, whose results have advanced significantly. It is evident that reproduction is a complex phase with intrinsic interactions with the sow and the piglets that affect the number of piglets weaned at the end of the cycle. In general, the increase in productivity achieved by the farms indicates the evolution that occurred in the reproductive performance of the females, and the better control of the activities carried out on the property, avoiding eventual failures and minimizing risks that could harm the productivity of the sow. Considering the importance of monitoring the evolution of production and productivity of pig farming, it was proposed to carry out this study with the objective of analyzing the main productive indexes of Brazilian pig farming from 2011 to 2020. Productive data obtained from the S2® management program were analyzed, from Agriness, referring to the period from 2011 to 2020. Data from 1,690 farms were used and a total of 1,458,709 matrices were analyzed. The parameters analyzed were age at 1st coverage; return to heat; abortions; reproductive losses; parturition; mean birth order; piglets born alive and total; stillborn plus dead at birth; mummified; maternity mortality; weaned; weaning-coverage; non-productive days; parturition/female/year; weaned/female/year; weaning age; birth weight; weaning weight and gestation period. Increases of 13.62 were observed; 11.84 and 9.66%, respectively, in the number of live births, weaned piglets/sow/year and mortality in the farrowing house. There was also a 5.55% reduction in birth weight. The weight of piglets at weaning and the number of farrowings/sow/year remained stable. The duration of gestation increased by 0.6 days, reaching an average of 115.2 days in 2020. It was concluded that there was a considerable increase in the productivity of Brazilian pig farming between the years 2011 to 2020.

Keywords: performance, efficiency, zootechnical indices, pigs