EFEITOS DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 NA APRENDIZAGEM DAS CRIANÇAS: PERCEPÇÕES DOS FAMILIARES, PROFISSIONAIS DA SAÚDE E DA EDUCAÇÃO

Abstract

The new coronavirus has caused abrupt changes in world society. It imposed isolation to contain contamination and generated the greatest impact that Health and Education have suffered in the last century. This study aims to analyze the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the learning of children in the first and second year of elementary school. To this end, a descriptive exploratory and qualitative study was carried out in the city of Campo Grande - MS, in the Family Health Units (FHU) supported by the Extended Family Health and Primary Care Center (NASF-AP) and in the municipal elementary schools of the coverage area, assisted by the Health at School Program (HSP). From each health district, one health institution and one education institution were selected, totaling 14, defined by a draw. The participants chosen for convenience were: six coordinators appointed by the principals and one vice-principal, 14 professors appointed by the coordinators, 14 family members appointed by the professors, seven nurses appointed by the FHU managers and seven members of the NASF-AP team, chosen by draw, totaling 48 people. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, guided by a script prepared for each group of respondents. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and categorized using Bardin's content analysis method. The results were presented in three articles: The impact of the pandemic on child development: perceptions of parents and family members, which evidenced a predominantly negative evaluation about remote education, increased suffering of children and family members, impairment in the acquisition of school skills and little appropriation about the HSP, by those family members; Children's learning in the context of the pandemic: perspectives of education professionals and proposals for the Health at School Program, which demonstrated the fragility of remote teaching, with low participation in online activities, due to lack of access to technologies, greater vulnerability, impairment in the development and learning of students, increased psychological suffering of children and education professionals, little appropriation of teachers about the HSP; The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on child care and learning: perceptions of health professionals and actions to minimize the damage, whose results corroborated with the previous articles on increased psychic suffering of children, fragility in the intersectoriality of the HSP, due to little participation of Education in the construction of actions, added to the predominance of the biomedical perspective, to the detriment of the biopsychosocial, and added data about the changes in the work processes of Primary Health Care (PHC) and overload and increased psychic suffering of professionals. It was concluded that the students had losses in different aspects of life and there was an increase in the psychic suffering of members of the school and health community. The results of this research contribute to local managers and public policy makers in the definition of guidelines to improve the effectiveness and resolution of comprehensive child health care, through the adjustments of the HSP and the interventions of PHC/FHS (Family Health Strategy) teams, in order to meet the needs of the school community and to improve the quality of life of children and their protection network. Descriptors: Family Health Strategy (FHS); COVID-19 Pandemic; School Health Promotion.