Desenvolvimento e avaliação fármaco-toxicológica de nanocápsulas carregadas com óleo dos frutos de Attalea phalerata (Martius ex. Spreng.) Burret (Acurizeiro)

Abstract

Uncontrolled inflammatory processes represent a public health problem worldwide. Although there are effective anti-inflammatory drugs, they are related to the development of adverse effects, mainly gastrointestinal, renal and cardiovascular. In biodiversity, we can find fruits with potential for use in the treatment of these diseases, however, on a small scale and with little added value. The use of nanobiotechnological processes for conveying vegetable oils is a methodology that allows adding value to this type of product. The objective of this work was to obtain and characterize the oil of Attalea phalerata (Martius ex. Spreng.) Burret (acuri), and to develop polymeric

nanocapsules loaded with this oil. In addition, the anti-inflammatory and anti- proliferative activity of tumor cells, and the acute (14 days) and subchronic (28 days)

toxicity of the developed nanocapsules (NC) were evaluated. The oil has, as major fatty acids, 43.33% lauric acid; 18% oleic acid and 10.8% myristic acid. The developed NCs have a size of 368.97nm, good homogeneity, with a polydispersion index of 0.298, and a zeta potential of -69.20mV. The encapsulation efficiency of the process was 88.77%. Nanocapsules at a concentration of 10 mg/kg generated anti-inflammatory activity, with distressing, anti-edema effect and a significant tension of leukocyte migration in the joint cavity. The nanocapsules have an antiproliferative effect against three tumor cell lines: PC-03 (GI50 2.09 μg/mL; Selectivity Index (SI) 119.61), 786-0 (GI50 3.03 μg/mL; IS 82, 45) and HepG2 (GI50 98.33, IS 2.54), demonstrating a possible use as an antitumor. Neither the animals treated with nanocapsules, nor the oil itself, observed signs in the external morphology of the internal organs, nor in the biochemical and hematological parameters of the animals, which can be related to systemic effects associated with these substances, in the concentrations used. These trials, found that administration in a single dose (2000 mg/kg) and in repeated doses (1000 mg/kg/day) produced a hypolipemic effect, observed the levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides, suggesting that both the nanocapsules loaded with oil as the oil itself in natura could be used for this purpose.