ESCALA DE ESTADO FUNCIONAL NO PÓS COVID-19: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Abstract

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Characterized by the broad clinical spectrum, it ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe condition. With millions of cases worldwide, the number of individuals who have gone through the acute phase of the disease has increased, increasing the need for tools to adequately assess the course of the disease and its impact on functional status. Recently, a group of European researchers developed a unique scale for the assessment of the functional status of patients affected by the disease, called the Post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale (PCFS). The instrument is composed of five levels and focuses on relevant aspects of daily life and objectively determines the degrees of limitation present. The impact of COVID-19 on the structures and functions of the various body systems is wide and contributions to the reduction of the individual's functional capacity, which is reflected by poor performance in activities of daily living (ADL) and social participation. Thus, the objective of this review was to analyze literature data related to the use of the Post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale (PCFS) in adults in screening for limitations after SARS-COV-2 infection. Method: The terms “COVID-19 AND PCFS scale OR coronavirus AND Functional Status” were crossed in the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and virtual health library (BVS), resulting in 40 articles published in English and Spanish, in the period of may 2019 to december 2022. Results: 15 studies were included. The total sample consisted of 4,407 individuals with a mean age of 51 ± (13.17) years, of which 3,065 (69.5%) were women and 1,352 (30.5%) were men. SAH was the most prevalent comorbidity, reported by 378 (8.5%), reported PCFS (grade=0) 536 (13.3%), (grade=1) 771 (19.2%), (grade=2) 1177 (29.4%), (grade=3) 1401 (35%) and (grade=4) 125 (3.1%). Conclusion: Advanced age, female gender, comorbidities and prolonged period of hospitalization in an intensive care unit confer an increased risk for functional decline in post-COVID-19. The PCFS proved to be an adequate instrument for the identification and stratification of functional limitations and acts as a complementary tool in the elaboration of the prognosis and specific rehabilitation protocols.