SINTOMAS DEPRESSIVOS E SOLIDÃO EM ADULTOS E IDOSOS

Abstract

Depression is the most common mental disorder in the population worldwide. Several studies point to the relationship between depressive symptoms and loneliness, presenting itself in a bidirectional way, since life situations that cause loneliness predispose the appearance of depressive symptoms as the latter facilitate the individual's social isolation, promoting loneliness. The general objective of this study is to evaluate depressive symptoms and loneliness in adults over 45 years old and elderly registered in Family Health Units in the city of Três Lagoas/MS and its results were divided into two articles. Article 1: It aimed to identify the factors associated with the emergence and worsening of depressive symptoms among older adults and the elderly registered in Family Health Units, for two years, before and during the pandemic. This is a prospective and analytical longitudinal study, carried out with 91 adults (45-59 years old) and 110 elderly people (≥60 years old) registered in Basic Health Units in the city of Três Lagoas-MS. Baseline data collection took place in 2018/2019 and the first wave in 2021. Sociodemographic, health and behavioral variables were collected. Depressive symptomatology was assessed through the Center for Epidemiological Studies- Depression (CES-D). Simple logistic regression models were estimated for each independent variable and outcomes. The variables p≤0.05 remained in the final model. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among adults and the elderly was 55,2% (95%CI: 48,3% - 62,1%) in the first evaluation and 51,7% (95%CI: 44,8% - 58,6%) in the second evaluation. The chance of developing depressive symptoms was significantly higher among men (OR=2,20, 95%CI: 1,02-4,74), people with a family income of less than one minimum wage (OR=3,37, 95% CI: 1,22-9,26), with more than four years of study (OR=2,65, 95%CI: 1,16-6,04) and who use less medication (OR=6,43, 95%CI: 1,35-30,56). The chance of an increase in scores was significantly higher among participants who used less medication (OR=4,12, 95%CI: 1,46- 11,62), were physically active (OR: 2,18, 95%CI: 1,20-3,98) and who do not participate in social groups (OR: 2,10, 95%CI: 1,15-3,83). Article 2: Aimed to know the prevalence and factors associated with loneliness in older adults and community-dwelling elderly people during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a cross-sectional study, with convenience sampling, carried out in Três Lagoas (MS). Data collection took place in 2021. Individuals of both sexes, aged over 45 years, registered in Family Health Units in the municipality were evaluated. For data collection, a structured questionnaire containing sociodemographic, health and social support network questions was used. The dependent variable loneliness was assessed using the UCLA Brazilian Loneliness Scale (UCLA-BR). Data were analyzed using a multiple logistic regression model. A total of 215 people participated in the study, predominantly elderly and female. In the final model, factors associated with the outcome remained: being 60 years of age or older (OR=1,89, 95%CI: 1,02-3,52) and having depressive symptoms (OR=6,90, 95%CI: 3,74-12,70).