Segurança do Paciente: Conhecimento e prática dos profissionais da estratégia saúde da família

Abstract

Patient safety is considered one of the attributes of quality of care, as it is capable of boosting other public health policies, focusing on promoting the protagonism of health professionals and their teams, as well as the patient himself in the qualification process. of care. Primary Health Care (PHC) develops an important work for health promotion and prevention, but most of the research prioritizing patient safety takes place in a hospital environment, and recently PHC has been the focus of research on Patient Safety, because despite being considered relatively safe, errors and adverse events are also present in PHC, the most common being related to medication and diagnostic errors, in which most of these errors can be avoided. The patient safety culture is under construction, and the development of actions in full swing, allows health services and professionals to use data and tools to ensure better health care. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the knowledge and practice of professionals from the Family Health Strategy (ESF) on patient safety. Cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, carried out in all urban FHS units in Campo Grande - MS, with 207 health professionals, 94 nurses, 18 pharmacists and 95 doctors, all working in the care of patients with systemic arterial hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus. Data were collected between January and December 2021, through a self-administered structured questionnaire, prepared from the National Reference Document for Patient Safety and a tool of the World Health Organization for the safe use of medicines. The questionnaire was applied to a convenience sample of health professionals. The analysis of the results was performed using the SPSS statistical program, version 24.0, and the evaluation of the association between variables was performed using the chi-square test with a significance level of 5%. The study allowed us to describe the sociodemographic characterization of professionals working in the FHS, as well as their appreciation of the attributes necessary to promote patient safety within the PHC and knowledge and practice related to the safe use of medicines. The attributes most valued for patient safety in professional practice chosen by the research participants include patient-centered care (19.8%; n=41), followed by teamwork (16.9%; n=35) and the service learning from mistakes (18.3%; n=38). Among the professionals, the pharmacists considered that they had an excellent level of knowledge regarding patient safety, while the nurses considered it to be regular. Regarding the practice of these professionals regarding the safe use of medicines, 63% of medical professionals reported that they always guide patients regarding possible risks and adverse events, in relation to patient guidelines if they have any adverse reaction, which should be done, 73.9% of nurses reported that they never guide patients and 10.3% of pharmacists sometimes guide. As for drug interactions, 70% of physicians always advise, however, 92.3% of nurses report that they never advise on such care, and when there are leftovers, 18.9% of pharmacists always advise patients on what to do, while 50.7% of physicians and 49.3% of nurses never do this orientation. Care practices still need to be reviewed, in order to reinforce actions for quality and patient safety, mainly to strengthen and structure permanent health education, as a strategy for them to develop an ethical commitment, consolidating team work and communication, thus building a care practice focused on patient safety. The present work makes an important contribution both to the training of health professionals who need to include the theme of patient safety in their curricula to better prepare them for the world of work, also highlighting the need to implement educational actions. permanent in the FHS teams. The study advances knowledge about patient safety and the safe use of medicines within the PHC, and its results can contribute to improving the planning of health actions in the FHS teams.

Keywords: Patient safety; Health professionals; Family Health; Medicines; Chronic diseases.