Estratégias de recuperação/contenção de áreas degradadas pela erosão do solo

Abstract

The inadequate planning of the use and occupation of the soil contributes to stimulate degradation processes of this natural resource. The processes that cause soil loss are called erosions and run naturally, but they can be accelerated by anthropic action. The recovery of areas affected by erosive processes is usually associated with high costs, alternative recovery methodologies, which combine lower cost and problem resolution, are fundamental to guarantee the recovery of areas affected by soil degradation. This work aims to survey erosion recovery / containment techniques through bibliographic research to identify erosive processes in satellite images using geoprocessing tools and to analyze and propose measures that can be applied in areas degraded by erosive processes taking as an area of I study the real situation observed in Paraíso das Águas/MS. To achieve the proposed objective, the methodology adopted consisted of the elaboration of a bibliometric analysis of the national and international scientific production published in the last five years regarding techniques for the recovery of erosive processes in the scientific databases Scopus and Web of Science. In a second stage, it was identified through satellite images and field data, areas degraded by soil erosion in the Paraíso River Basin, finally a proposal was elaborated containing strategies for recovery and containment of soil erosion considering the cost implementation in the field and the characteristics of the study area. The results of the bibliometric analysis indicated the most relevant journals in this area, considering the selection of the content of the articles. Regarding the identification of erosive processes through satellite images, the results obtained show that in the Paraíso River Basin, most linear erosions are groove features, the mildest form of this type of erosion process, in addition, the assumption of that the origin of the silting up identified in the stretch of the Paraíso River, close to the MS-316 highway, could have been caused by some linear erosion close to or in the vicinity of the Paraíso River bed, has not been proven. Considering the analysis and proposal of recovery measures, the results showed the existence of techniques applicable to different levels of erosion, from the mildest to the most complex, with planting vegetation being the most used technique for this purpose. As a consequence of this analysis, the proposal made considered two strategies for the study area, associating the planting of species that occur in the region and strategies for containing sediments and decreasing the speed of the water flow of runoff. The analysis of the articles and journals showed that the scientific production related to the types of erosion recovery / containment of the last five years (2015 - 2020), for the most part, were directed towards planting strategies for plant species and that these articles have the format original article (article that presents original content and / or approach. Data processing and analysis showed that erosion vectorization can be performed using Google Earth satellite images (GOOGLE, 2020). In addition, the analysis of images in different periods over time proved to be feasible for detecting changes in the landscape, even though a continuous horizon for providing images was not available.The measures of containment and recovery of erosive processes identified by this work were mostly based , in the planting of species that contribute to the improvement of the soil structure, collaborating to prevent soil loss due to runoff surface of rainwater. In addition, physical strategies were also identified, built structures whose main objective is to contain sediments and decrease the flow speed of water flows.