Construção do ethos de resistência jornalística na imprensa alternativa durante a ditadura militar brasileira: estudo dos depoimentos do projeto Resistir é Preciso

Abstract

This thesis aims to analyze the testimonies of the journalists interviewed in the Resistir é Preciso project. In this sense, the research interprets the dispositions, values and representations of these agents from the perspective of a journalistic ethos of resistance in opposition to the dominant positions in the journalistic field. The analytical corpus consists of six testimonies - from Bernardo Kucinski, Elmar Bones, Maria Rita Kehl, Omar de Barros Filho, Raimundo Pereira and Ziraldo – provided for the production of the teledocumentary of the project, exibited in ten episodes on TV Brasil. The criteria for choosing the professionals in question is the prominence of these agents in relation to their performance in the main alternative newspapers of the dictatorial period (KUCINSKI, 2018). Conducted by the Vladimir Herzog Institute, Resistir é Preciso is a broad and multifaceted project to reconstruct memory about the Brazilian military dictatorship. The interviews used for the purpose of carrying out this work were granted in full by the Vladimir Herzog Institute. From a structural point of view, the work starts from the methodological instances instituted by Lopes (1997) for the construction of scientific research in Communication. In an epistemic-theoretical perspective, the research uses two subdivisions: 1) the conceptual keys derived from Pierre Bourdieu's Theory of Practice, as well as from his commentators and authors in the field of Social Communication who carry out interlocutions with the Bourdieusian theory; 2) the discussion of a historiographical character that analyzes the social space that structured the objective conditions for the agents of the alternative press during the dictatorship period. From a methodical-technical point of view, in interlocution with the previous instances, the work will draw on Bourdieusian thinking, based on the relational tools provided by the author, and a description of the main reports of the statements that relate to the problem of this research is carried out. understand the individual dispositions of these agents, their capital configurations and the strategies used. Then, with the analysis of individual character, a comparison will be made between the ethos of different agents to map their objective relationships as a group to observe the operationalization of a resistance journalistic ethos. What is intended is to understand the position of these agents in the journalistic field in a broader way from the analysis of their relationships as a group from the understanding of their common practices and experiences. As a result, it appears that the journalistic ethos of resistance of the alternative press in the Brazilian military dictatorship based on the testimonies of the six agents whose testimonies were studied can be analyzed from the perspective of four analysis categories: 1) Feeling of insufficiency with the press conventional; 2) Contestatory provision; 3) Opposition to the traditional organizational structure; 4) Communication strategies. The journalistic ethos of resistance, therefore, is ultimately a set of provisions, practices and representations of journalists who worked in the Brazilian military dictatorship in order to maintain the autonomy of their field and avoid equipping different social universes through an authoritarian speech.