Laranjinha de pacu (pouteria glomerata (miq.) radlk) : caracterização do fruto e potencial para modelo in vivo

Abstract

Brazil has a great potential for the cultivation of tropical, subtropical and temperate fruit trees due to its diversity of soils and climates. Laranjinha de pacu, Pouteria glomerata (Miq.) Radlk, of the Pantanal, is found in riparian woods, flooded forests, loamy or silt soils and used as fish bait. However, the composition of this fruit has not been fully established. The present study aimed to fill this gap through the assessment of the functional properties of laranjinha-de- pacu and to evaluate the effects of the consumption of different concentrations of freeze-dried laranjinha of pacu, in an experimental model of obesity The physical and chemical analyzes were performed and determinate moisture, ashes, protein, lipid, total sugar content, fiber, ascorbic acid and minerals. The antioxidant activity (expressed in EC50), total phenols and tannins were evaluated in the ethanolic and acetonic extracts. Student's t-test was used to compare the means, considering a significance of 5%. The results of the physicochemical characterization are presented in the sequence of fruit values and lyophilized, respectively. The protein content was 1.41 g.100g-1 and 5.17 g.100g-1. The lipid contents found were 0.79 g.100g-1 and 3.72 g.100g-1. In relation to the total phenols, the acetone extract was on average 1957,48 mg 100g-1. In the tannin analysis, the acetone extract also presented better results, both in the extract obtained from the fruit and the lyophilized one. Regarding antioxidant activity, the values of acetone extract obtained were as follows: fresh fruit (22.95±3.51 mg/g DPPH-1) and freeze-dried fruit (7.768±0.27). Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) content of the fresh fruit was 223.16 mg 100g-1 and the level of ascorbic acid of the freeze-dried fruit was 7 times higher than that of the fresh fruit. The freeze-dried fruit was considered a source of copper providing 18.89% of the recommended daily intake and the fresh fruit content was 0.03 mg 100g-1. The chromium content of the freeze-dried extract of laranjinha de pacu (Pouteria glomerata (Miq.) Radlk was in average 0.22±0.03 mg 100g-1, which is considered high. The zinc content of the fresh fruit was 0.10 mg 100g-1. In the animal experiment, the weight gain showed a significant difference between the DHL8% LP group and the others (p <0.001). The DHL8% LP group presented higher energy intake compared to the other groups that consumed a hyperlipidic diet (p = 0.001). Regarding abdominal circumference, the DHL8% LP group had higher values and differed from the AIN groups (p = 0.003). The final weight of the animals presented a significant difference between DHL8% LP with higher values and AIN, DHL1 and DHL1% LP (o = 0.007) The group DHL2% LP had lower HDL values when compared to groups AIN and DHL8% LP. Regarding glycemia, the values of DHL and DHL8% LP were higher by about 15.8% when compared to the others. The results obtained showed that fresh laranjinha de pacu is an important source of nutrients due to its nutritional value, amount of fibers and bioactive compounds. In general, it was observed that the group with lower concentration of freeze-dried laranjinha of pacu, generated greater protection against weight gain, reduced energy consumption and improved the biochemical parameters in comparison to the high fat group.