Caracterização metabólica e estudo morfológico do miocárdio de ratos com obesidade induzida por dieta

Abstract

High fat diet, sedentary lifestyle, increased urbanization and psychosocial stress are some of the most common factors for both the onset of obesity, and for the predisposition to other diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, joint diseases, degenerative and cancer. Among numerous comorbidities related to excess body fat, it is added that obesity is associated with the occurrence of cardiac remodeling, a precursor condition for the installation of cardiovascular disease and heart failure. In general, front continuous overload conditions, the heart tends to trigger a series of adaptive changes which comprise the process of cardiac remodeling. Thus, it is of utmost importance to clarify the effects of diet and nutritional their compositions, and their relations to the organism, it being possible for the dietary composition is a factor that modulates the cardiac phenotype in response to obesity. The hypothesis of this study was to verify if the saturated fat diet was associated with obesity demonstration, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and occurrence of cardiac remodeling. 16 rats were used Wistar, distributed randomly into two groups: control (C), treated with normocaloric diet, and Obese (OB) who received high calorie and high fat diet. The study period was 20 weeks. Later, were obtained nutritional characterization and biometrics, glucose analysis, biochemical profile, systolic blood pressure, macroscopic and microscopic morphology. The results confirmed largely the initial hypothesis of the study, taking into account that the prevalence of obesity was accompanied by hyperglycemia and morphometric indicators of cardiac remodeling. However, glucose tolerance and macroscopic morphology of the heart showed unchanged by the diet. In conclusion, the high calorie and high fat diet, with major contribution of saturated fatty acids was associated with obesity installation of glucose metabolism disorders and cardiac remodeling.