Avaliação do rebaixamento de aquífero em área de plantação de eucalipto: fatores naturais e/ou antrópicos

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the variation in the water table level of the unconfined aquifer in the municipality of Três Lagoas, investigating its relationship with anthropogenic factors, especially forestry, and natural factors, highlighting climatic and rainfall variations. To this end, rainfall data obtained from INMET and CEMTEC, flow data from the UHE Jupiá hydrometric station provided by ANA, hydrogeological information from the RIMAS network, Sanesul, and wells authorized by IMASUL, as well as spatial data from MapBiomas relating to forestry areas were used. The analyses involved the temporal evaluation of static well levels, correlating them with precipitation, flow, and spatial distribution indices of eucalyptus cultivation areas. The results indicated that the observed oscillations in groundwater levels may be related to climatic variability. In the Sanesul water supply wells, evidence of influence associated with pumping and exploitation of groundwater was observed. However, the absence of continuous historical monitoring series made it impossible to conclusively confirm this influence. Similarly, it was not possible to prove a direct relationship between forestry areas and aquifer drawdown, due to the lack of monitoring wells located near the planted areas. The limitation and discontinuity of the available data restricted the scope of the analyses, highlighting the need to expand the hydrogeological monitoring network in the region.