FATORES ASSOCIADOS AO NEAR MISS MATERNO: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA

Abstract

Maternal morbidity and mortality remain significant public health challenges, especially in developing countries, where social, healthcare-related, and clinical factors contribute to the occurrence of severe obstetric complications. In this context, Maternal Near Miss (MNM) stands out as an important indicator of the quality of obstetric care, as it refers to situations in which women survive life-threatening conditions during pregnancy, childbirth, or the postpartum period. This study aimed to identify, in the literature, the factors associated with the occurrence of Maternal Near Miss. This is a narrative literature review based on the analysis of dissertations and theses published between 2016 and 2024 in institutional repositories of Brazilian public universities. The search was conducted in 20 repositories using descriptors related to Maternal Near Miss, maternal mortality, obstetric nursing, and women's healthcare. Five studies were selected for the final sample. Data analysis was carried out using Bardin’s Content Analysis, allowing the construction of thematic categories related to the investigated phenomenon. The findings revealed that hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, particularly severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome, were the main factors associated with MNM, followed by obstetric hemorrhages and severe infections. A predominance of non-white women, women with low educational levels, socioeconomic vulnerability, and inadequate prenatal care was also observed. In addition, weaknesses related to the organization of healthcare services, risk stratification, and timely access to specialized care were identified. It is concluded that the occurrence of Maternal Near Miss results from the interaction of clinical, social, and healthcare-related factors, highlighting the need to strengthen prenatal and obstetric care, invest in professional training, and reinforce the role of nursing in the prevention, early identification, and management of severe maternal complications.