Fatores de Risco e de Proteção dos Transtornos Alimentares: uma revisão sistemática.

Abstract

Eating Disorders (EDs) are defined as an imbalance in eating behavior that causes various biopsychosocial impairments. Among them are Binge Eating Disorder (BED), Anorexia Nervosa (AN), and Bulimia Nervosa (BN). The present study aimed to investigate, through a literature review, the possible risk and protective factors of EDs and interpret them from the perspective of Behavior Analysis (BA). The research was conducted in the CAPES journal and a total of 81 texts were found. After being subjected to exclusion criteria, only 14 articles remained. It should be noted that at the beginning of the data collection, it was not possible to find any findings in those searches accompanied by the descriptor "protective factors". The results obtained were divided into two parts. The first, called "risk factors", was subdivided after data collection into the following categories: a) Body Image; b) Inadequate Weight Loss Methods; c) Psychological Disorders; d) Neurological Factors; e) Morphological and Physiological Alterations; f) Cultural and Socio-Demographic Context; g) Determinants of Professional Training. While the second part, entitled "protective factors," did not receive subdivisions, this is because only one article identified a protective factor, in this case, Body Mass Index (BMI), which in turn, proved controversial to the literature and findings. The need for scientific productions on protective factors was verified, as well as increasing the production of research on specific eating disorders and not only generalized ones, as most texts opted to do. The present study and its findings become relevant, given that it contributes to the literature by investigating the phenomena concerning eating disorders from a behavioral analytical perspective. In addition to assisting in professional practice, during the management of these disorders.