RELAÇÃO ENTRE PERFIL LIPÍDICO, ÍNDICE DE MASSA CORPORAL E HÁBITOS DE VIDA DE ADOLESCENTES EM ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS.

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between lipid profile, Body Mass Index (BMI), and lifestyle habits of children and adolescents enrolled in public schools in Campo Grande/MS, with the objective of identifying early cardiovascular risk factors. The methodology employed a quantitative, descriptive, and exploratory approach with a sample of 42 randomly selected students, with a mean age of ±12.6 years, of whom 25 (59.5%) were female. Laboratory parameters such as total cholesterol, lipid fractions low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, triglycerides, lifestyle habits including physical activity, diet, sedentary behavior, and smoking, as well as family history of chronic diseases, were evaluated. Results showed that 11 participants (26.1%) presented a BMI outside the reference range (<18.5 or >24.9), 25 (59.5%) had irregular eating habits, and 14 (33.4%) did not engage in regular physical activity. Metabolic alterations associated with cardiovascular risk were identified in triglycerides (11; 26.1%), HDL (22; 52.3%), LDL (7; 16.7%), and total cholesterol (9; 21.4%). The study demonstrated a significant correlation between excess weight, sedentary behavior, and higher prevalence of dyslipidemia, particularly low HDL levels. The findings are consistent with national and international literature, highlighting the association between obesity and behavioral factors during childhood and adolescence. Sedentary behavior and inadequate diet had a strong impact on BMI and lipid levels, while regular physical activity showed a protective effect. In conclusion, sedentary behavior and irregular eating habits are associated with alterations in lipid profile and increased BMI in adolescents, representing an early risk for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, there is a need for public policies and health promotion strategies that encourage regular physical activity, healthy eating, and laboratory monitoring from childhood in order to reduce future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.