Desempenho Térmico e Custo de Adequação de Sistemas Construtivos Segundo o Método Simplificado da ABNT nas Zonas Bioclimáticas Brasileiras

Abstract

The thermal performance of a building is related to its ability to maintain indoor comfort conditions by minimizing the influence of external climatic variations and reducing the need for artificial conditioning. Considering Brazil’s climatic diversity and the importance of efficient solutions for social housing (HIS), this study aims to evaluate the thermal performance and the cost of adapting three construction systems, conventional masonry, structural masonry, and Insulated Concrete Forms (ICF), based on the simplified method of ABNT NBR 15575:2021, in correlation with the twelve bioclimatic zones of ABNT NBR 15220:2024. Thermal transmittance and thermal capacity values of the external walls were calculated, as well as the execution costs and the costs of the necessary adaptations according to the SINAPI database. The results showed that the ICF system presented the lowest thermal transmittance coefficient, demonstrating greater insulation, but lower thermal capacity. Structural masonry achieved the best balance between insulation and thermal inertia, meeting most normative criteria. However, it was observed that without modifications to the construction systems, most solutions did not meet the established thermal performance requirements, making interventions necessary for compliance. Adaptation strategies such as increasing coating thicknesses and choosing light colors for exterior painting proved efficient and economically viable, with an average cost increase of 11%. It is concluded that small interventions can significantly improve thermal performance, promoting more efficient, sustainable buildings adapted to the different Brazilian bioclimatic zones