Assistência de enfermagem na prevenção de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica: revisão integrativa

Abstract

VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA (VAP) IS ONE OF THE MOST FREQUENT AND SERIOUS HOSPITAL COMPLICATIONS IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS, ESPECIALLY IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS (ICUS), AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY RATES. OBJECTIVE: TO ANALYZE THE AVAILABLE SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE ON NURSING CARE IN PREVENTING VAP IN ADULT ICU PATIENTS THROUGH AN INTEGRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW. METHODS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW WAS CONDUCTED IN THE PUBMED, SCIELO, GOOGLE SCHOLAR AND BVS, INCLUDING ORIGINAL ARTICLES IN ENGLISH AND PORTUGUESE, PUBLISHED BETWEEN 2020 AND 2025, THAT ADDRESSED VAP PREVENTION BY NURSING STAFF IN ADULTS ADMITTED TO THE ICU. ARTICLES UNRELATED TO THE PROPOSED TOPIC WERE EXCLUDED. RESULTS: THE SELECTED STUDIES SHOWED THAT THE ADOPTION OF STANDARDIZED CARE PROTOCOLS IN ICUS CONTRIBUTES TO REDUCING THE INCIDENCE, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, AND COSTS RELATED TO VAP, HIGHLIGHTING ACTIONS SUCH AS ORAL HYGIENE, PATIENT POSITIONING, ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE CARE, AND ADHERENCE TO PREVENTIVE MEASURES. CONCLUSION: SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT ADULT PATIENTS ON MECHANICAL VENTILATION ARE AT HIGH RISK FOR VAP DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF THE ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE, WHICH COMPROMISES PULMONARY DEFENSE MECHANISMS. NURSING PRACTICE, BASED ON EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICES AND PROTOCOLS, IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE PREVENTION AND EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF VAP IN ICUS.