TRANSTORNOS DE ANSIEDADE E FATORES DE RISCO CARDIOVASCULAR EM GESTANTES DO MUNICÍPIO DE TRÊS LAGOAS-MS: UMA ANÁLISE DAS VARIÁVEIS SOCIODEMOGRÁFICAS E DE SAÚDE

Abstract

Pregnancy is a highly complex physiological event involving profound transformations in a woman’s body and mind, which are fundamental for maintaining gestation and ensuring fetal development. These modifications, including hormonal, metabolic, cardiovascular, and emotional changes, directly impact maternal health and require specific attention during prenatal care. Anxiety disorders during pregnancy represent a significant public health concern, with potential repercussions on obstetric and cardiovascular outcomes. The scarcity of studies integrating emotional, clinical, and sociodemographic variables reveals a gap in knowledge, especially in regions with sociodemographic characteristics similar to those of the municipality of Três Lagoas-MS, Brazil. This study aimed to analyze the severity of anxiety disorders and cardiovascular risk among pregnant women in Três Lagoas-MS, associating these factors with sociodemographic and health-related variables. This was a cross-sectional, descriptivecorrelational, quantitative study, conducted with 100 pregnant women registered in the 17 Family Health Units. Data were collected during prenatal consultations through a sociodemographic and health questionnaire, and using a validated instrument for measuring anxiety risk (GAD-7). The research complied with all ethical principles, having been approved by the Research Ethics Committee, with informed consent signed by all participants. According to the risk classification, 57% of pregnant women were stratified as at risk for developing severe anxiety disorders, whereas 97% were classified as having a low risk of developing cardiovascular disease over 10 years based on the Framingham Score, despite presenting several established risk factors described in the literature. Among the pregnant women evaluated, 31% had total cholesterol levels above 240 mg/dL, and 32% had total cholesterol between 200 and 239 mg/dL, characterizing hypercholesterolemia and borderline hypercholesterolemia, respectively. Additionally, 30% had low HDL cholesterol (200 mg/dL), and 24% had elevated LDL cholesterol (>200 mg/dL). Regarding blood pressure, 43% of pregnant women presented high blood pressure (>140 x 90 mmHg) at the time of measurement, and 14% had a previous diagnosis of hypertension and were already receiving antihypertensive treatment before pregnancy. Furthermore, 25% of the participants had a prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, of which 21% were gestational diabetes (GDM), 2% type 1 DM, and 2% type 2 DM. This study demonstrated that, although the sample presented several known risk factors for cardiovascular disease, the Framingham Score did not indicate an increased 10-year cardiovascular risk, confirming that this is not the most robust method for cardiovascular risk assessment in pregnant women. However, we observed a high risk for severe anxiety disorders among the studied population, which may be associated with physiological factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemias, and pre-existing chronic diseases, as well as with psychosocial factors commonly present during pregnancy. This study reinforces that comprehensive care for pregnant women must address psychosocial and clinical dimensions in an integrated way, with a multiprofessional and intersectoral focus. It is hoped that these findings will provide a basis for future studies, encouraging the use of different methodologies and approaches that may complement or expand upon these results.