Estudo Comparativo entre Estruturas de Cobertura em Aço e Madeira: Revisão de Literatura

Abstract

Choosing the right roof structure is crucial for a building's protection and comfort. This research aims to compare wood and steel roof structures, addressing the advantages and disadvantages of using these materials. Steel stands out for its strength, durability, speed of assembly (due to prefabrication), reduced waste, and ability to span large spans. It is resistant to pests and moisture, requires low maintenance, but has a higher initial cost, requires corrosion protection, and is a good thermal conductor, requiring insulation. Wood, on the other hand, offers a lower initial cost, traditional aesthetic appeal, and is a good thermal and acoustic insulator. However, it requires constant maintenance against pests and moisture, has a short de lifespan without treatment, and is flammable. The analysis was conducted through a literature review and details the performance of each material for small, medium, and large spans. For smaller spans, both are viable, with lumber being more economical and steel offering greater precision. For medium-span structures, glued-laminated timber (GLT) emerges as a competitor to steel, enhancing aesthetics and sustainability. For large spans, steel excels in structural efficiency, while GLT offers aesthetic and sustainable solutions, albeit with maximum span limitations. The final decision should consider cost, technical requirements, durability, construction time, labor, and environmental impact, aligning the material's characteristics with the project's objectives.