Tratamento domiciliar de águas negras através de tanque de evapotranspiração

Abstract

The conventional systems for the treatment of waste water cause impacts to the environment and the health of populations, by the release of partially treated waste water into bodies of water. The segregation of black water (from the toilet) of called gray water (not contaminated with faeces) allows simplified and decentralized treatment of different types of sewage, allowing the reuse of water and nutrients contained in waste water . The tank of evapotranspiration (TEvap) is a technology proposed by permacultors to treat and reuse household water black. The objective of this study was to determine criteria for the design and construction of tanks of evapotranspiration, based on the evaluation of the operation of a tank built in periurban area. Measurements and calculations were made for estimating the water balance of the system, physical-chemical, bacteriological and parasitological analysis of the substrate, plants and waste water. From the results it was possible to draw up recommendations for the inclusion of TEvap projects in rural, urban and periurban areas, allowing the reduction of charge in stations of treatment and pollution in the bodies of water. The sizing adopted for an average family (4 or 5 people) may be 12 to 16 m², provided the use of devices for appropriate allocation of any final effluent.