Utilização da tecnologia de bioflocos (BFT) no retorno reprodutivo de machos e resfriamento de sêmen de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)

Abstract

Brazilian continental aquacultura has shown remarkable growth, with a focus on the production of round fish species, such as pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), due to their hardiness in intensive production systems, precocity, and omnivorous feeding habits, which contribute to reducing production costs. Despite their commercial importance, reproductive protocols for rheophilic fish, such as pacu, remain based on outdated methods, requiring refinement to improve efficiency. Careful broodstock selection and proper hormonal induction management are essential to maximize fry production and enhance reproductive quality. Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) stands out by providing objective and detailed data on sperm kinetic characteristics, overcoming the limitations of traditional subjective assessments. The biofloc technology (BFT) system proved more efficient than the traditional partial water renewal system for maintaining pacu breeders for 42 days, resulting in a higher number of males responsive to the second induction, improved sperm characteristics, higher gonadosomatic index, and faster recovery of reproductive cells for reproductive return. Furthermore, BFT promoted greater sperm production per liter of water consumed, making it an environmentally sustainable alternative. Lastly, pacu semen can be stored under refrigeration at 12.63°C for up to 8 hours without diluents or cryoprotectants, maintaining its viability, which expands the possibilities for use in assisted reproduction. These advances are essential to optimize broodstock use, increase production efficiency, and promote sustainable fish farming.