O Processo de Avaliação Funcional no Tratamento de Comportamento Autolesivo em Neurodiversos: Uma Revisão Bibliográfica

Abstract

The present study aims to analyze the importance of the application of Functional Analysis in the treatment of self-injurious behaviors (SIB) in neurodivergent individuals through a narrative bibliographic review. Self-injurious behaviors are described as aberrant and challenging in treatment, especially within the neurodiversity spectrum, which includes diagnostics such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), ADHD, and other atypical development. Functional Analysis emerges as a pivotal tool for understanding the environmental contingencies that sustain these behaviors, providing a basis for individualized and evidence-based interventions. Through a systematic review of the literature, this study identified that Functional Analysis allows the development of therapeutic strategies that address the functions of SIB—be it social reinforcement, escape from aversive demands, or automatic reinforcement—without resorting to purely suppressive approaches. The results demonstrate that integrating neurodiversity perspectives, interpreteded as variation in behavioral topographies, with Applied Behavior Analysis promotes not only a reduction in self-injurious behaviors but also a broader understanding of human diversity and inclusivity. The study concludes by highlighting the need for further research and the development of clinical practices that align with a neurodiverse and humanized approach, contributing to a better quality of life for neurodivergent individuals.