Estoque de carbono do solo no cultivo de soja e milho consorciado com plantas de cobertura e adubação organomineral

Abstract

Science is constantly seeking ways to increase productivity and reduce environmental impacts. In this context, studies have been carried out focusing on different forms of carbon storage in agriculture, as well as the use of cover crops and organomineral fertilization. Some alternatives to solve this impasse are the preservation of native forests, reforestation, the adoption of integrated crop-livestock-forestry systems (ILPF), and the appropriate management of pastures and agriculture. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the carbon storage in the soil in soybean cultivation followed by corn intercropped with cover crops and organomineral fertilization. The cover crops used were Urochloa ruziziensis and Crotalaria spectabilis, grown alone and in an intercropped system with first and second crop corn. The doses of phosphate fertilizers were based on 100% of the recommended dose (RD) according to the previous soil analysis and recommendation for corn crops. Principal component analysis was applied to verify the influence of treatments on carbon storage. The productivity of corn and soybean grains in 2023 and 2024 was also evaluated. The carbon stock in the soil is influenced by the use of cover crops and organomineral fertilizer, but does not differ from the system without phosphate fertilization. The highest corn productivity was in the 2023 harvest obtained using ORG2 and intercropping with crotalaria.