A redução das ações humanas a um signo individual: as interpretações de Hector Benoit e Friedrich Nietzsche

Abstract

This thesis aims to understand the narrative reductions of collective movements, which are guided by approaches that highlight only their main individual leaders. To achieve this, we will initially analyze, through the work Plato and Temporalities: The Methodological Question by Hector Benoit, how the interpretive tradition transferred by various philosophers was reduced to a monolithic figure in Plato. This tradition, which originally had multiple voices, ends up being consolidated into a single, unified voice, created through the establishment of a proprietary sign for discourse. After this initial analysis, where dozens of historical and real characters are reduced to Plato alone, we will attempt to analyze Friedrich Nietzsche's The Antichrist to evaluate how such a reduction process also occurs through the interpretive construction of Paul. Paul reduced the Jewish people's quest for emancipation from the Roman Empire to a sacrificial sign, constructed by the reduction of various insurrection movements into a single object. In this sense, Paul becomes the protagonist and owner of a message collectively constructed through several posthumous accounts of the sign he used. Nietzsche will point to Paul as the spokesperson for these power interests by consecrating the transcendental figure of Christ.