Ciência e Senso Comum: a produção da psicologia sobre a Gravidez na Adolescência.

Abstract

With the transition from feudalism to capitalism, new demands arose for understanding about the development and process of human formation. In the context of the changes, there is also the Western bourgeois conception of adolescence, in this perspective psychology, as a modern science born in the context of capitalism, had a significant contribution to understand the stages of human development. In these changes are new and multiple knowledge, as well as social representations and expectations about adolescents and reproductive processes, which also involve teenage pregnancy. This study aimed to analyze concepts and social representations about teenage pregnancy, present in theses and dissertations in Psychology. It’s based on Social Representations Theory (SRT) and gender studies, and it’s a bibliographic research, of qualitative analysis. For data collection, was sought the researches developed in graduate programs in psychology from 2010 to 2020 in the Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES and in the Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD). The search was performed using the combination of the keywords "adolescence", "pregnancy" and "psychology" and the descriptor "teenage pregnancy". The sample gathered 19 studies, which were organized using the Thematic Content Analysis technique, with the help of Iramuteq software, with statistical analysis and like-blood analysis. From the organization through the software, the thematic nucleus "Readings about adolescence" was elaborated, and from this, six categories of analysis were configured: 1) Adolescence, with the subcategories natural phenomenon and social phenomenon; 2) Pregnancy and adolescence with the problem subcategories and multiple contexts; 3) Life projects; 4) Sexual and reproductive rights; 5) Cross-cutting themes; and 6) Support networks. The analysis of studies on teenage pregnancy, from the tree of similarity, started from the conceptions that the texts presented about the phenomenon of adolescence, focusing on the writing of researchers. It was noticed, then, that to study teenage pregnancy, either as a concept or representation, it is necessary to understand what adolescence refers to and, from this understanding, the anchors and objectives elaborated to make family and the unfamiliar are departing. In this dialectical game, surrounded by contradictions, it is a complex theoretical effort to trace a partition where the concept begins and where representations arise, because the researcher and the research subjects are inserted in the same context. There is a relationship of mutual influence between scientific knowledge and common-sense knowledge. One of the central conclusions is that psychology's commitment to the study of teenage pregnancy should be about understanding and respecting the different realities and multiple factors involved, considering social, psychological, social, economic, gender, and other factors, understanding the subjects as members of subject-culture-object triangulation, locus of the origin of SR and organization of ways of being, to be and live in the world.